Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 9,801,710 |
| 2 | United States | 1,855,248 |
| 3 | India | 1,728,581 |
| 4 | Turkey | 1,056,441 |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 1,028,632 |
| 6 | Australia | 983,064 |
| 7 | Brazil | 938,237 |
| 8 | Malaysia | 702,969 |
| 9 | South Korea | 680,410 |
| 10 | Canada | 465,301 |
| 11 | Thailand | 438,469 |
| 12 | France | 432,261 |
| 13 | Italy | 368,347 |
| 14 | Japan | 363,856 |
| 15 | Spain | 343,880 |
| 16 | Hong Kong | 310,877 |
| 17 | Taiwan | 305,733 |
| 18 | Colombia | 261,381 |
| 19 | Netherlands | 215,217 |
| 20 | Portugal | 207,160 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.