Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 1,220,201 |
| 2 | United States | 493,009 |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 189,857 |
| 4 | Japan | 144,554 |
| 5 | South Korea | 137,833 |
| 6 | India | 119,888 |
| 7 | Germany | 103,217 |
| 8 | Canada | 79,240 |
| 9 | Australia | 73,033 |
| 10 | Taiwan | 65,140 |
| 11 | Italy | 56,365 |
| 12 | Turkey | 56,175 |
| 13 | Netherlands | 55,334 |
| 14 | Spain | 50,878 |
| 15 | Brazil | 49,333 |
| 16 | France | 48,568 |
| 17 | Switzerland | 36,531 |
| 18 | Hong Kong | 35,970 |
| 19 | Russia | 25,678 |
| 20 | Malaysia | 22,992 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.