Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 2,452,480 |
| 2 | United States | 410,760 |
| 3 | India | 270,400 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 264,918 |
| 5 | South Korea | 166,702 |
| 6 | Germany | 109,762 |
| 7 | Australia | 109,321 |
| 8 | Canada | 100,249 |
| 9 | Taiwan | 99,597 |
| 10 | France | 96,108 |
| 11 | Italy | 91,306 |
| 12 | Brazil | 90,468 |
| 13 | Turkey | 88,062 |
| 14 | Japan | 76,757 |
| 15 | Malaysia | 56,478 |
| 16 | Hong Kong | 54,555 |
| 17 | Iran | 47,332 |
| 18 | Belgium | 44,954 |
| 19 | Poland | 43,079 |
| 20 | Spain | 42,138 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.