Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 1,720,562 |
| 2 | United States | 325,995 |
| 3 | India | 290,536 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 211,725 |
| 5 | South Korea | 116,776 |
| 6 | Germany | 102,848 |
| 7 | Canada | 87,752 |
| 8 | Australia | 85,492 |
| 9 | France | 84,553 |
| 10 | Taiwan | 82,160 |
| 11 | Brazil | 77,982 |
| 12 | Italy | 73,200 |
| 13 | Turkey | 71,134 |
| 14 | Malaysia | 59,097 |
| 15 | Japan | 55,006 |
| 16 | Iran | 41,872 |
| 17 | Hong Kong | 41,193 |
| 18 | Poland | 38,937 |
| 19 | Spain | 38,345 |
| 20 | Belgium | 33,535 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.