Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 1,701,465 |
| 2 | United States | 1,200,839 |
| 3 | Japan | 329,676 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 322,528 |
| 5 | Germany | 191,478 |
| 6 | Canada | 165,091 |
| 7 | South Korea | 159,957 |
| 8 | Australia | 144,781 |
| 9 | India | 140,288 |
| 10 | France | 117,499 |
| 11 | Brazil | 104,205 |
| 12 | Italy | 101,783 |
| 13 | Switzerland | 93,931 |
| 14 | Taiwan | 91,171 |
| 15 | Turkey | 91,162 |
| 16 | Spain | 83,541 |
| 17 | Netherlands | 79,029 |
| 18 | Mexico | 63,702 |
| 19 | Thailand | 51,412 |
| 20 | Iran | 47,063 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.