Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 1,675,251 |
| 2 | United States | 1,310,555 |
| 3 | Japan | 339,253 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 334,403 |
| 5 | Germany | 218,395 |
| 6 | Canada | 171,717 |
| 7 | South Korea | 165,211 |
| 8 | India | 162,014 |
| 9 | Australia | 150,689 |
| 10 | France | 127,039 |
| 11 | Brazil | 117,059 |
| 12 | Italy | 106,338 |
| 13 | Taiwan | 100,802 |
| 14 | Switzerland | 94,303 |
| 15 | Turkey | 86,878 |
| 16 | Spain | 85,487 |
| 17 | Netherlands | 81,333 |
| 18 | Mexico | 75,815 |
| 19 | Thailand | 66,450 |
| 20 | Russia | 58,966 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.