Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | United Kingdom | 2,409,840 |
| 2 | United States | 2,346,794 |
| 3 | China | 2,082,531 |
| 4 | Australia | 847,218 |
| 5 | Germany | 687,760 |
| 6 | Netherlands | 586,478 |
| 7 | Canada | 515,683 |
| 8 | Turkey | 326,051 |
| 9 | India | 297,767 |
| 10 | Brazil | 288,566 |
| 11 | Italy | 279,643 |
| 12 | South Korea | 271,619 |
| 13 | Sweden | 244,000 |
| 14 | France | 238,238 |
| 15 | Malaysia | 224,974 |
| 16 | South Africa | 206,161 |
| 17 | Japan | 205,392 |
| 18 | Spain | 188,771 |
| 19 | Switzerland | 173,230 |
| 20 | Hong Kong | 148,993 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.