Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 7,131,258 |
| 2 | United States | 3,600,208 |
| 3 | South Korea | 1,089,614 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 881,625 |
| 5 | Japan | 816,034 |
| 6 | Germany | 586,692 |
| 7 | India | 556,812 |
| 8 | Taiwan | 516,770 |
| 9 | Australia | 412,886 |
| 10 | Canada | 388,570 |
| 11 | Netherlands | 322,947 |
| 12 | Turkey | 311,832 |
| 13 | Italy | 309,399 |
| 14 | Brazil | 262,230 |
| 15 | France | 248,782 |
| 16 | Iran | 233,043 |
| 17 | Spain | 224,275 |
| 18 | Switzerland | 182,606 |
| 19 | Portugal | 177,667 |
| 20 | Hong Kong | 165,410 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.