Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 6,865,462 |
| 2 | United States | 3,875,634 |
| 3 | South Korea | 1,149,724 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 908,593 |
| 5 | Japan | 861,279 |
| 6 | India | 666,469 |
| 7 | Germany | 650,486 |
| 8 | Taiwan | 583,736 |
| 9 | Australia | 413,543 |
| 10 | Canada | 394,651 |
| 11 | Turkey | 366,798 |
| 12 | Italy | 323,860 |
| 13 | Netherlands | 306,327 |
| 14 | Brazil | 295,571 |
| 15 | France | 287,674 |
| 16 | Iran | 250,412 |
| 17 | Spain | 214,319 |
| 18 | Switzerland | 186,891 |
| 19 | Singapore | 180,060 |
| 20 | Portugal | 173,802 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.