Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 7,725,631 |
| 2 | United States | 3,331,170 |
| 3 | South Korea | 1,084,109 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 843,188 |
| 5 | Japan | 786,059 |
| 6 | Germany | 516,768 |
| 7 | India | 481,200 |
| 8 | Taiwan | 475,700 |
| 9 | Australia | 410,628 |
| 10 | Canada | 376,164 |
| 11 | Turkey | 312,514 |
| 12 | Netherlands | 310,479 |
| 13 | Italy | 304,856 |
| 14 | France | 238,988 |
| 15 | Brazil | 230,896 |
| 16 | Spain | 220,916 |
| 17 | Iran | 200,379 |
| 18 | Hong Kong | 186,131 |
| 19 | Portugal | 179,922 |
| 20 | Switzerland | 177,364 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.