Indication of worldwide usage for this journal at the country/region level over the last five years (as available).
| Top Countries/ Regions | Downloads | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 3,819,599 |
| 2 | United States | 1,801,859 |
| 3 | Japan | 870,080 |
| 4 | South Korea | 770,769 |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 445,732 |
| 6 | Germany | 410,650 |
| 7 | India | 407,880 |
| 8 | Taiwan | 359,285 |
| 9 | France | 281,866 |
| 10 | Canada | 255,165 |
| 11 | Turkey | 218,080 |
| 12 | Brazil | 193,054 |
| 13 | Italy | 171,417 |
| 14 | Australia | 170,861 |
| 15 | Netherlands | 168,423 |
| 16 | Thailand | 168,210 |
| 17 | Spain | 146,511 |
| 18 | Russia | 142,267 |
| 19 | Malaysia | 112,965 |
| 20 | Poland | 111,699 |
The number of full-text articles downloaded from ScienceDirect for this journal in the last five full calendar years is displayed by country/region.
The numbers are based on COUNTER-compliant parameters, including all types of access, but excluding robot usage and other artificial traffic.
We intend to give you a feeling for the spread of global readership and the relationships between countries/regions for this journal.